Appearance Vs. Reality Essay - 1619 Words

In Hamlet, one of Shakespeares greatest plays, the young prince of Denmark must uncover the truth about his fathers death. Hamlet shows a play that tells the story of a young prince whose father recently died. Hamlets uncle Claudius marries his mother the queen and takes the throne. As the play is told Hamlet finds out his father was murdered by the recently crowned king. The theme that remains constant throughout the play is appearance versus reality. Things within the play appear to be true and honest but in reality are infested with evil. Many of the characters within the play hide behind a mask of falseness. Four of the main characters that hid behind this mask are Polonius, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, and King Claudius. From behind†¦show more content†¦In reality Polonius lies and manipulates people. Polonius helps contribute to the theme appearance verses reality by showing how his appearance is not his true nature; behind the mask there lies someone totally different. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are two of Hamlets childhood friends who, when asked by the king, try to find out what is troubling the young prince. Both help to contribute to the theme by showing their appearance of being Hamlets friends. The pair go to Hamlet pretending to be his friends when in truth they are only there because the king sent them to find the truth. There is some irony within the twins, they are asked by the king to find out the truth by hiding within a lie, by pretending to be his friend. Hamlet knows that the purpose for their visit is to dig into his soul to find the real reason for his actions as of late. As the play continues the twins are asked again by the king to go to Hamlet and try again to find the real reason for Hamlets behavior. Hamlet insults them at every chance knowing they are lying to him about there purpose of the visit. Hamlet Accuses Rosencrantz of playing him like a flute with these lines: â€Å"Tis as easy as lying; govern these ventages with you finger and thumb, give it breath with your mouth†...Act III As the melodrama continues Hamlet goes with the twins to reclaim money that another state owes Denmark. Hamlet is sent by the king to retrieveShow MoreRelatedEssay on Appearance Vs. Reality961 Words   |  4 Pages One of the characteristics of Realism, in American literature at least, is the ironic use of perceptions of â€Å"appearance† vs. â€Å"reality.† With this in mind, Henry James’s â€Å"The Real Thing† and â€Å"The Beast in the Jungle† are two works wherein such characteristics can be shown to operate as James employs cleverly woven twists of â€Å"appearance† and â€Å"reality† in each of the plots. In James’s â€Å"The Real Thing,† the plot is centered on an unnamed artist and his interactions with two sets of models: the MonarchsRead MoreMacbeth Appearance vs Reality1046 Words   |  5 PagesAppearance vs. Reality The role of deception and the motif of appearance and reality had a large role in Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth. The motif of appearance and reality is first introduced by Shakespeare early on in the play when Macbeth must cover up for the murder of Duncan. This motif of appearance versus reality, or deception, appears again when Macbeth fools the murderers that killed Banquo. Macbeth tricks the murderer’s into believing it was Banquo’s fault that they led such miserableRead MoreMacbeth - Appearance vs. Reality1537 Words   |  7 PagesAppearance vs. Reality – Macbeth: Commentary Macbeth is a play written by William Shakespeare, which focuses on the life of Macbeth. Out of the four Shakespearean play categories, it is categorized as a tragedy, as the events of the play ultimately lead to the downfall of the protagonist, Macbeth. The theme of appearance versus reality is constantly repeated throughout the play, as it greatly contributes to the development of the plot. The idea is constantly conveyed by the characters using a pleasantRead MoreAppearance vs. Reality in Hamlet1000 Words   |  4 PagesThere is a general understanding that appearances can be deceiving. This is one of the most fundamental questions in philosophy, appearance vs. reality. When we meet people and get to know them throughout our lives, we soon discover that there is a genuine side to everyone behind the appearance they show. In the play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the characters Polonius, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, and Claudius use appearance vs. reality to manipulate and deceive , which ultimately leads to theirRead MoreAppearance Vs. Reality Of Macbeth Essay1612 Words   |  7 PagesSteven Hua Ms. Amato ENG2D 08 December, 2016 Appearance vs. Reality In Macbeth Things are not always as they seem to be, people are often deceived to believe something different than it’s true meaning. Instead of knowing the reality of a situation, people’s thoughts are sometimes shifted to see only what they appear, leaving them blindsided to the real truth behind whats really going on. Appearance versus Reality is first seen when king Duncan misjudges Macbeth’s intentions and is blindsided toRead More appearance vs reality Essay713 Words   |  3 Pages Appearance vs. Reality nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Things are not always as they appear. You may think someone is a certain way because of how they dress and carry themselves this is called stereotyping. Many people stereotype without even noticing that they are doing it. Everyone has his or her right to first impressions, but stereotyping is wrong. There are many examples of this topic in literature as well as in our society today. The main population accused of stereotyping is teenagers; theyRead MoreMacbeth: Appearance vs Reality977 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth: Appearance vs Reality Brooke Soper The way people act on the outside and who they really are on the inside may be two totally different things. Some may change because they feel they don t fit in. Others pretend to be something they truly aren t. No matter which way you look at it, if you try to act like someone your not, the truth will always appear in the end. That is exactly what happened in William Shakespeare s play, MacBeth. Banquo, MacBeth, and Lady MacBeth each projectRead More Appearance vs Reality Essay453 Words   |  2 PagesAppearance vs Reality One normally disguises in order to be someone else, whether this be in a costume during Halloween, or as a character in a play or movie. Shakespeare uses the idea of disguise in his ‘Taming of the Shrew’ The minor theme of the play is appearance vs reality. Throughout the drama, things are never really as they seem. Katherine appears to be a real shrew, but it is all a cover-up for the hurt she feels. Bianca appears to be a self-sacrificing angelRead MoreThe Judgement Of Appearance Vs Reality1561 Words   |  7 PagesThe Judgement of Appearance VS Reality â€Å" I am not Abnegation. I am not Dauntless. I am Divergent† (Roth 442). This quotation display a certain substance people all need understand about the interior of themselves in life; people are more than one thing, one personality, and one judgement, individuals are all divergent. Divergent is a powerful word, which means that people are all different from what the world may want them to be or how they are portrayed as to the rest of the world. Divergent meansRead MoreMacbeth Appearance Vs Reality1245 Words   |  5 PagesExploration of Appearance and Reality in Macbeth As Plato famously said in Phaedrus, â€Å"Things are not always as they seem†, meaning that not everything is what it appears to be. In today’s society, many politicians appear trustworthy and are in reality crooked. Photoshop also manipulates appearance and reality. In literature, authors use appearance versus reality to create an interesting plot or characterize. In William Shakespeare’s tragedy, Macbeth, the theme of appearance versus reality is seen frequently

Siemens Bribery Case Free Essays

Ian Collins Survey of Global Business Professor Portillo BSAD 113W 18 February 2013 Assignment #3: Siemens Bribery Scandal Before 1999 the use of bribery in Germany was not illegal and could be deducted as a business expense in a company’s taxes. This allowed companies like Siemens to gain the upper hand and have an unfair advantage over their competition in acquiring business deals around the world. Then when the law changed, Siemens still utilized bribery, and employed bribery tactics in other countries where it was also illegal. We will write a custom essay sample on Siemens Bribery Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this case study I’m going to analyze the rationale and high levels of corruption that transpired in the Siemens bribery scandal and utilize the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s (OECD) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises to illustrate the negative impact of bribery. Siemens use of bribery initially could have been justified by the fact that German laws allowed it and was not illegal until 1999; the issue was that Siemens continued to use bribery even after the law had changed. Corruption was deeply embedded in the business culture. Siemens transferred money into Swiss bank accounts to avoid detection and then hired contractors to set up the bribes. These actions were standard operating procedures for corporate executives who viewed bribery as a business strategy. Senior executives even made certain individuals that were directly in charge of the bribery funds sign compliance forms stating they had not engaged in that kind of activity, bribes were referred to as ‘useful’ money. The punishment Siemens faced involved paying fines totaling $2. 6 billion. In the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, which sets voluntary principles and standards for business conduct, clearly outlines the negative aspects that comes from bribery. â€Å"Bribery and corruption are damaging to democratic institutions and the governance of corporations. They discourage investment and distort international competitive conditions. In particular, the diversion of funds through corrupt practices undermines attempts by citizens to achieve higher levels of economic, social and environmental welfare, and it impedes efforts to reduce poverty. Enterprises have an important role to play in combating these practices. † In defense of the Siemens employees, many of them just believed that was how business was done and had the best interests of the company at heart. It was about keeping the business alive and not jeopardizing thousands of jobs,† if this indicates the intention of the employees then the act is more justifiable than just doing the action out of greed. Siemens is a company that allowed greed to cloud their judgement to use bribery to gain the upper hand, as well as not evolving with the changing laws. You can only speculate as to the real thought process behind the choice to engage in bribery, whether it was done knowingly to gain an unfair advantage or sincerely to protect the jobs of many emplo yees, the action was still committed. A company needs to be aware of the laws, regulations and what is considered acceptable business conduct of the other countries it chooses to do business with and not violate them, including the use of bribery. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. http://lilymayunjue. blogspot. com/2012/06/summary-of-siemens-bribery. html [ 2 ]. http://www. nytimes. com/2008/12/16/business/worldbusiness/16siemens. html? _r=0 [ 3 ]. http://www. oecd. org/daf/inv/mne/48004323. pdf [ 4 ]. Article: Siemens Bribery Scandal How to cite Siemens Bribery Case, Essay examples

Planned and Emergent Approach Finding a Balance free essay sample

The essay will cover the importance the balance between planned and emergent approach through the framework of game theory/ net value and scenario thinking and planning. It would also incorporate the idea of chaos theory and the importance of understanding the market through certain criteria that have been learned in the course. Introduction to each approach Planned approach is a formalized approach to a strategy; it focuses on control formalization, centralization and inflexibility. Mintzberg, 1994) Organisations are subject to rigid control with no chances of improvisation and learning. Nevertheless planned approach helps marketing in the sense of decomposing and simplifying problems, rationalizing and articulating. It also assists in planning marketing by objectives of the organisation. Planned approach coordinates activities that take into account of the future, control and rationalization. Mintzberg does not agree with the 3 major objective of the planned approach which is to de compose, to rationalize and to articulate. Mintzberg argues that the 3 key objectives have flaws, since it creates no room for learning or improvisation, a reductionist view that creates inflexibility and too coordinated activity to engage in a proactive environment. Planned approach is best suited in a ruled based game since in a rule-based games consists of controlling the market whereby there is a reaction to every action. Emergent approach on the hand focus on learning, innovation and observation, which accepts changes and improvisation of plans and strategy to suit the circumstances faces. MacBeth, 2002) The emergent approach involves minimum control over a situation and emphasizes on learning, adjusting, improvising and innovating according to the situations that an organisation is in. Nevertheless in order for the emergent approach to be affective, it requires a clear business vision. Business vision is required to support ideological control and operational independence to maintain balance and prevent time wastage and cost (Hendrickson, L7 Slide 27). Emergent approach does not indicate that there is no control, or that management has no control over the organisation but rather shows the quality of willing to learn, responsiveness and flexibility. The emergent approach is best suited in a freewheeling-game. Incorporating each approach in marketing planning Marketing planning process can be defined as structure of process that links the mission, organized strategy and business strategy to make marketing decisions and actions. In order to incorporate what type of approach is suitable for a market, we need to identify the type of market. There are 5 definitions for market being, potential market, available market, qualified market, target market and penetrated market. (Wood, 2010) To further summarize the type approach that should be used in a market depends on how stochastic the market is. In a slightly stochastic market, a more planned approach should be adopted while in a more stochastic market, more of the emergent approach should be considered. A hypothesis can be made here by saying â€Å"the more stochastic the market behaviour, the more emergent your approach will need to be†. Hendrickson, L7 Slide 22). Stochastic markets are markets where environmental factors are uncontrollable, complex and dynamic, where market industries and economies are driven by change. One of the factors that determine whether a market is more or less stochastic depends on the macro-environment factors, or known as PESTER (political, economic, social cultural, technological, ecological and religious) affects the markets, making its ever changing and either being planned or stochastic. (Hubbard, Rice and Beamish, 2008). PARTS (player, added value, rules, tactic and scope) also show that it can affect the market conditions thus making a market stochastic. (Nalebuff and Brandenburger, 1995) Furthermore, customer demands can also effect market conditions, since demands are ever changing, competing organizations tend to change strategies in order to compete and suit the new demands, thus making the market ever changing and stochastic. In order to fully utilize the emergent or planned approach, the conditions of the market need to be address first, in terms of it being slightly stochastic or more stochastic. The essence of business success lies in making sure you’re playing the right game†. (Nalebuff and Brandenburger, 1995) Finding a balance point between both approaches There need to be a balanced point in using the 2 approach, the planned approach has to be changed and emergent approach should be used on certain marketing plans, this is because the planned approach is design in an ideal s tand still market, where there is no change in internal and external environments. The emergent approach is best use since market are being more stochastic and the emergent approach has the ability to improvise and create a learning environment that could give and organisation an advantage. To further explain how to locate the balance between the approach Nalebuff and Brandenburger (1995) game theory explains two types of games in the industry, this is the rule-based game and the free-wheeling game. Rule- based game organization tend use the planned approach, since its more focus on controlling the market and every reaction by competitor there is action on others. Free-wheeling games on the other hand create innovation and improvisation since everyone contributes to the game, it offers more opportunities to drive the market, and it’s suited for the emergent approach since it has less rules and loose leadership. In a slightly stochastic market organizations cannot aim at a specific future, so they plan on a range of possible alternative future in order to survive. Here an emergent approach towards planning is used, where there is self-organizing, improvising, making mistakes and learning. It incorporates both emergent and planned approach but more towards planned. Here strategies like scenario thinking and planning is used to reach objectives such as organizational learning. Furthermore organizations have to try to work on uncertainty rather than understanding and controlling which brings balance to the mixed approach in a slightly stochastic market. (De Geus, 1988) Furthermore if the market is very stochastic, organization aims will be unclear so the path followed would also be unclear, so controlled chaos can produce positive returns over a long term period. The emergent approach will be applied here to create new ideas but also using data from the past to compare with current situations, in order to create a new idea that will work in the future. Organizations have to maintain strategic business units and liberate intellectual capital, so that it has a holistic view of the market, which is better than a reductionist view. Greenley, Hooley and Saunders, (2004) stated that there are several factors that can close the gap between the prescriptive marketing planning approach and the practical realities of the tochastic markets that can enable post plan improvisation. These factors are proactive management, innovative management, the organizational learning, market orientation, spare resources and competitive aggression. As a conclusion both approach is used in marketing planning and finding the balance is a vital issue, but the balance depends on the type of market whereby in a more stochastic and free-wheeling market emergent approach is u sed, while in a rule based game, or a more deterministic market the planned approach is favoured. Framework of Game Theory and Scenario Thinking The framework of game theory or also known as net value was introduced by Nalebuff and Brandenburger, it is more dynamic since it assumes the industry is in an ever-changing conditions, its explains interdependency on competitors in an industry and 2 fundamental symmetries are identified in business first being between customers and suppliers and second between substitutors and complementors. By understanding these can help managers come up with new strategies to change the game or create new applications to existing strategies. The net value/ game theory frameworks stimulates creative and innovative thinking, since its best suited in an stochastic market, where there is unpredictable external environment and changing of the game and players is always happening. Game theory also helps organization to answer the question of â€Å"where do we want to go? † thus creating a temporary advantage in the market and making the right move in order to better an organisation in the industry. Scenario thinking is an emergent activity, it describes the possible combination of strategically significant factors and imagining what it would be like to operate in the situation. De Geus, 1988) It’s like creating a scenario in a future game and placing the organisation as a player in that particular game. It focuses more on curiosity and supports an exploratory approach to problem finding and requires three crucial marketing thinking, which are creative, critical and reflective. Creative thinking creates informatio n to finding new and different things. Critical thinking is assessing information that is under considerations and reflective thinking is evaluating the information that has been received. Scenario thinking creates imagining, curiosity, investigative approach and creates a perspective as a player in the game. All these qualities show the importance of an emergent approach in a stochastic market. Scenario planning reflects planned approach to strategy but the results is better emergent strategy; it helps create possible scenarios for the future of the organization. It cultivates management to devise strategies and make plans so the organization survives at its best. Scenario planning allows management to question and share their own assumptions about the future and create their own idea and plans to response to change. Effectiveness of framework to find balance Game theory describes the market as volatile and the internal and external environment tends to change, thus shares a common ground as a stochastic market. Game theory takes into account the action it will be able to take in order to create change for the organization to further have a better position in the market. In such a chaotic market it is difficult to make decisions, thus the importance of creating new emergent models, patience and the management role are very highly valuable in a stochastic market. This goes hand in hand with Macbeth (2002), which agrees that old and new models work closely to achieve success, in the short term, old models with have a more successful edge but with the help of management, emergent models are used to contest the chaos and crisis faced by the business. . Thus shows that Game theory can incorporated both planned and emergent approach, if managers can recognize the needs for such crisis in order to move towards a better positioning in the market. By having balance in the planned and emergent strategy through the Chaos theory enables organization to focus on a destination when markets are highly stochastic and uncertain. In conclusion, Game Theory reflects the uncertainty in the market that can change the market to be less or more stochastic, with the application of chaos theory it can handle crisis management by focusing on learning, innovating, improvising and observing which allows accepting changes and improvising plans and strategy to suit the circumstances. Scenario thinking and scenario planning was introduced by De Geus in 1988, which explains that organizations have to try and work with uncertainty rather than understanding and controlling. De Gues believe in the concept of encouraging people to â€Å"play† within certain boundaries to create a boundary for an uncertain future. This approach requires managers to condition and enable new actions to be made in order to cope with changes and provide appropriate feedback. It also creates thinking and learning that builds the core competency of the organization, without controlling management at an operational level. De Gues also believe that through scenario thinking (creative, critical and reflective) and planning it could influence the organizations thinking and put bounds on uncertainty. It is shown here that by having a balance planned and emergent approach with the help of scenario thinking and learning can build core competencies for the company. It cultivates the idea of management to question them and share their own opinion in regards to change. Basically the thinking and planning scenario shows that the planned approach could still be used but it needs to adapt to the emergent approach being to address the changes at hand but in a certain boundary. As a conclusion, this come back to the issue of the type of market an organisation is in to decide which approach should be more focus on. Nevertheless, the ability to improvise towards a suitable balanced strategy involves flexibility of decision making as stated in Greenley, Hooley and Saunders (2004). The balance of emergent and planned approach is very critical in deciding the future of an organisation so factors such as proactive management, innovation management, organizational learning, market orientation spare resources and competitive aggression need to be considered before deciding on a balanced between the two approaches. 2084 words Reference List De Gues (1988) â€Å"Planning as Learning Harvard Business Review March- April pp 70-74 Greenley, Hooley and Saunders (2004) â€Å"Management processes in Marketing Planning† European Journal of Marketing V38, No. . Hendrickson (2013) Lecture 7 â€Å"The emergent Approach to strategy† University of South Australia: Business Marketing Planning Principles Hubbard G. , Rice J. , Beamish P. , 2008 â€Å"Strategic management: thinking, analysis, action† 3rd Edition Frenchs Forest, N. S. W. : Pearson Education Australia, 2008 MacBeth, D (2002), â€Å"Emergent Strategy in Managing Cooperative Supply Chain Changeâ €  International Journal of Operations and Production Management, v22 (7) pp. 728-740 Mintzberg (1994) â€Å"The Fall and Rise of Strategic Planning† Harvard Business Review, 72(1) Nalebuff amp; Brandenburger (1995) â€Å"The Right Game: Use Game Theory to Shape Strategy† Harvard Business Review, July- August Wood, M B 2010,  Essential guide to marketing planning, 2nd edn, Pearson, Sydney MARK 3009| BMPP Assignment feedback. 2. 0| Assignment 2. 0 – major research essay. Student name:| Key Assessment criteria| Performance on these criteria| Comment| | F2| F1| P2 P1| C| D HD| | 1) Describe the two approaches to strategy. | | | | | (10%)| 2) Explain how the two approaches can assist or impede the marketing planning process.. | | | | | | (20%)| 3) Explain why balance between the two approaches is required, and varies depending on the circumstances. | | | | | | (20%)| 4) Describe and understand the two frameworks i. e. Game Theory and Scenario thinking. | | | | | | (20%)| 5) Compare the effectiveness of the two frameworks in assisting marketers to find a balance between the two approaches. | | | | | | (30%)| | Bad| Poor| Fair| Good| Wow! | | The student understands the content of the course lectures and readings | | | | | | | The student has found extra readings and has explained how they â€Å"fit† with the readings and lectures in the course| | | | | | | The student demonstrates understanding of the topic(s) beyond the course material. | | | | | | | Correct citation of references (Harvard style). All sources have been accurately and truthfully acknowledged. | | | | | | | Appropriate references are used, both in text and in the reference list. | | | | | | | Concepts are clearly expressed and logically connected to support an original opinion. | | | | | | Relevant original examples, real or imaginary. | | | | | | | Creative thinking is evident. | | | | | | | Critical thinking is evident| | | | | | | Reflective thinking is evident| | | | | | | The student has answered the question, and convincingly presented an original opinion in their own words. | | | | | | | The student has demonstrated what they have learned fr om this course. | | | | | | | Correct grammar and spelling. Submission format as in course information booklet. | | | | | | | Summary comment:Assignment grade: Marker:|

Trurl’s Machine Essay Essay Example

Trurl’s Machine Essay Paper â€Å"Trurl’s Machine† is the narrative an discoverer who makes an eight-story thought machine. The narrative is an effort to portray the censoring of the people by a Communist government. Lem does this through the usage of character. secret plan and symbolism. The characters in â€Å"Trurl’s Machine† have really different personalities. First. we meet Trurl. the builder. He is a scientist and an discoverer. but he has an artistic side. This he shows by giving the machine face. He has a speedy pique and no forbearance for stupidity. He besides is house in his beliefs as he demonstrates at the terminal of the narrative when the machine is seeking to acquire him to give in. â€Å"†Never! † roared Trurl. as if he no longer cared what happened. †¦ ( Lem ) . † Klapaucius is Trurl’s friend and challenger. He is besides a builder. but a much more light hearted one. He is ever looking on the bright side and he neer shies off from escapade. He besides has a speedy humor and is able to set a amusing spin on most things. The machine is described by Klapaucius. â€Å"Not merely is it sensitive. dense. and obstinate. but speedy to take discourtesy. and believe me. with such an copiousness of qualities. there all kinds of things you might make ( Lem ) ! † It. like Trurl. is speedy to anger. We will write a custom essay sample on Trurl’s Machine Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Trurl’s Machine Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Trurl’s Machine Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Lem uses the secret plan of the narrative to acquire his message across. In the beginning. the machine declares that 2+2=7. When it meets opposition in the signifier of Trurl and Klapaucius. who mock it. the machine becomes enraged and escapes its foundations in order to trail its tormenters. Here the tormenters become the laden. The machine goes on a violent disorder ; it destroys the town that Klapaucius and Trurl fell in and continues to trail them up the mountain. In its choler. the machine causes excessively much indirect harm and ends up destructing itself. There is besides much symbolism in this narrative. The machine is meant to typify the Communist party. It tries to ban the sentiments of Trurl and Klapaucius. chiefly. that 2+2=4. Trurl and Klapaucius are the laden citizens enduring under the Communist government. They are persecuted for their beliefs. The landslide symbolizes the point at which a population can no longer stand their oppressors and must move. The oppressors go excessively far and do their ain death. â€Å"Trurl’s Machine successfully portrays the battle of laden people against those who would ban their beliefs. Lem was able to utilize character. secret plan and symbolism to accomplish this consequence. The narrative shows that if the oppressed base up to their oppressors. there is a great opportunity that they will predominate.